Use Immune Therapy Neurotoxicity and ADEM-Like Syndromes to guide the working diagnosis and next step; let the main risk or management issue drive escalation, treatment choice, and follow-up.

These serious neurological adverse events occur in approximately 1 to 5% of treated individuals.; They can cause a massive array of neuro-inflammatory syndromes.; Majority of individuals improve quite well once you initiate aggressive immunosuppression, and a solid subset can eventually be tapered off steroids completely.; On the peripheral side, we see severe polyneuropathies, direct acute myositis, myasthenia gravis, and acute polyradiculopathies, while central complications include widespread autoimmune encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, and pituitary hypophysitis.; They typically manifest within the first few months of starting therapy, with peripheral nervous system toxicities showing up far more frequently than central nervous system events.