Use Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Neurologic Complications to guide the working diagnosis and next step; let the main risk or management issue drive escalation, treatment choice, and follow-up.

In that ultra-early one-month window following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, we look out for intracranial hypotension, acute encephalopathy, seizures, and strokes.; Also the prime window where acute graft-versus-host disease and immune-mediated neuropathies or myelitis tend to emerge.; We also frequently encounter direct calcineurin inhibitor neurotoxicity, severe bleeding triggered by thrombocytopenia, and early viral infections.; As we move into the intermediate phase, the clinical picture is dominated by dynamic viral infections, progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, and the reactivation of toxoplasmosis.; In the late phase, chronic graft-versus-host disease takes center stage, which can manifest as severe ocular inflammation, myositis, myasthenia gravis, or chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy.