When assessing vascular lesions, remember that smaller AVMs and those in pregnancy carry higher bleed risks. For cavernous malformations, a prior hemorrhage or brainstem location strongly predicts future bleeding. Clinically, localize dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome to the internal capsule genu, and distinguish thalamic infarcts by their unique combinations of altered consciousness, sensory deficits, or vision loss.

Smaller AVMs bleed more frequently than larger ones.

Pregnancy increases the risk of an AVM bleeding into the brain.

Brainstem location and previous hemorrhage predict cavernous malformation re-bleeding.

Paramedian thalamic infarcts typically present with vertical gaze palsy and altered consciousness.

Dysarthria-clumsy hand syndrome localizes to the genu of the internal capsule.